Causation of Female Gang Involvement Essay - 1898 Words

Many years of research have gone into studying why youth turns to gang involvement. A sector of this population has only recently been a focus of any study at all and that is the female. From the authors De La Rue, Espelage research they estimate that female gang membership is anywhere from 10 to 35% of the total gang population (De La Rue, Espelage 2014 pg. 1). There are many pieces that drive females to join the gang lifestyle. There are three major causes that drive females to gang involvement; family influences, relationship drives, and prior victimization. Being born into the gang life proves that nature verses nurture and the family has an impact on what an individual will become. Many things run in families from illnesses,†¦show more content†¦2009. Pg. 278). This shows growing up in a gang the child will associate basically a blood bond between themselves and their gang because of how much of their family is involved. Risk factors that deal with a females family is that it can leave her in a vulnerable state because the men around them take advantage of the females at weaker states. Many of the females who are in gangs have been the victims of many levels of abuse throughout their life and they believe if they turn to gangs for additional support. Conflict within families drives females into the grasps of gangs because the female is looking for a group to protect and provide support for them. From the authors De La Rue, Espelage: â€Å"Research specific to female gang members has shown that family risk factors, including poor parental supervision, and high levels of family conflict, have been linked to an increased risk of gang involvement†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (De La Rue, Espelage 2014 pg.3). This quote explains how family conflict can lead into a female being at a higher risk of joining a gang. Conflict with the family can lead a female to want to leave their parents households to be able to have independence from an abuse or rules. A point from th e author Fleisher proves that, â€Å"Once independent of her family, a youth needs her peer network more than ever. Depending on network dynamics, youth canShow MoreRelatedThe Lack of Strong Parental Figures Causes Juvenile Delinquency954 Words   |  4 Pages(1999). This would mean that programs such as the Big Brother Program would be good programs to install in single parent families. The only problem with this is that children do not need just a male and female role model in their life; they need a good male and female role model in their life. In this case it is not quantity of role models it is the quality of role models in an individual’s life. The main theory that best supports this interview is Hirschi’s social bond theoryRead MoreHigh Risk Youth : A Public Health Approach By Doctor Dawn Delfin Mcdaniels1368 Words   |  6 PagesFrom 2002 to 206, 20% of all homicides in Urban areas could be attributed to gang violence (McDaniels, 2012). One notable characteristic of gang membership in the United States, is that youth who join gangs are more likely to engage in assault, robbery, felony theft, and breaking and entering, than their non-gang peers (Hill, et al., 2001). The lack of proper parental supervision in communities with high risk factors such as high poverty rates, is closely associated with delinquent behaviors inRead MoreCja 374 Week 2 Crime Causation and Diversion Essay1019 Words   |  5 PagesCrime Causation and Diversion Juveniles committing crimes, being arrested and going to jails and prisons, is a sad fact that has hit every city, in every state in the United States of America. It is not a hard thing to comprehend, turn on the TV and watch the news. Every night there is surely to be a report about a crime committed by one of America’s youth. Many people question the reason for such high numbers of juveniles committing crimes; others turn a blind eye and refuse to acknowledge theRead MoreThe Crime Of Juvenile Offenders1256 Words   |  6 Pages1986). The risk that our youth may become involved in violent offending of violence may vary based on a variety of factors that may include individual characteristics, daily activities, family characteristics, peer, and school influences (friends, gang members...) their own or different neighborhood environments. There is no particular method or recipe we could determine exactly who will commit these violent crimes (or perhaps a victim of that violence), we must remember, and to be very clear thatRead MoreSocial Strain Theory And Criminal Offending2718 Words   |  11 Pagesconventional means are denied, and can cause social strain, so much so that delinquent act or crime look more appealing to them, and will cause them act on these feelings to achieve social status or identity with other members of their community like gangs. We hope by the time this research is complete and the data is reviewed that we will have a much better understanding why adolescences tend to fall prey to delinquen cy acts or crime in order to feel socially excepted. Because, once we can understandRead MoreUnderstanding Emotional Differences between Male and Female Prisoners through Deficiency Theory and Importation Theory4979 Words   |  20 Pagesworld in dissimilar ways (Adamek Dager, 2007) One dissimilarity may be that women personalize interactions and events. We have by now noted how relationships of female inmates with additional inmates and staff are likely to be more private and to have more emotional components than those of males. The officers also recommended that female inmates take the reality of imprisonment more personally than males. This response seems to happen in response to disciplinary hearings and to officers givingRead MoreThe General Theory Of Crime2462 Words   |  10 Pagesapplies to criminality. Then, we will review the literature to see how their theory can be applied to victimization. The general theory of crime, also known as self-control theory, was developed by Gottfredson and Hirschi as an explanation for crime causation. The general theory of crime posits that self-control, internalized early in life, determines who will be likely to commit crime. In forming the general theory of crime, Gottfredson and Hirschi integrated aspects of other theories, borrowing conceptsRead MoreChemical Castration Essay4712 Words   |  19 Pages(Recidivism of Sex Offenders, 2001). Recidivism rates are largely dependent on the characteristics of the sex offender. According to research completed by Scalora and Garbin (2003) recidivism is significantly related to quality of treatment involvement, offender demographics, offense characteristics, and criminal history. One of the greatest predictors of future deviant sexual behavior is past deviant sexual behavior. The longer the pattern of deviant sexual behavior, the more ingrainedRead More Chemical Castration and Physical Castration Essay4601 Words   |  19 Pages(Recidivism of Sex Offenders, 2001). Recidivism rates are largely dependent on the characteristics of the sex offender. According to research completed by Scalora and Garbin (2003) â€Å"recidivism is significantly related to quality of treatment involvement, offender demographics, offense characteristics, and criminal history.† One of the greatest predictors of future deviant sexual behavior is past deviant sexual behavior. The longer the pattern of deviant sexual behavior, the more ingrained theRead MoreEssay on Criminological Theories13456 Words   |  54 Pagestheory must be true or correct (validity). Having met these basic goals, the theory must then have some real world applications and policy implications. Questions 5 1. Before you began reading this book, what was your personal theory of crime causation? Which of the theories introduced in this chapter came closest to your personal view? 2. If any given theory were able to explain 30 percent of all the crimes committed, would you consider that theory to be successful? Why or why not? 3. If you were

Bipolar Disorder Symptoms And Symptoms - 1493 Words

Caitlin Rorman Ms. Chrisman English 10 30 November 2016 Bipolar Disorder If people don’t get enough sleep and miss a meeting, they are just upset, but for people with bipolar disorder, it can trigger another episode to their week. Bipolar Disorder is a brain disorder that can cause shifts in people s mood that are more unusual. Signs and symptoms can be different depending on if the person has manic or depressive episodes. A person with the disorder can also give their family and friends struggles, aside from theirs. These are things like life events or disruptions in life that can trigger an episode for the person. About 2.6% of the population in the United States for people 18 years or older. Bipolar Disorder can affect a large population of people, it has many signs and symptoms, struggles, can be triggers by certains things, and is will cause unusual shifts in people s mood. Bipolar Disorder is a brain disorder that interrupts people s everyday life, with having different symptoms, but there are treatments to help those people too. In the article ‘Bipolar Disorder’ from the National Institute of Mental Health it states, â€Å"Bipolar disorder, also known as manic-depressive illness, is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, activity levels, and the ability to carry out day-to-day tasks.† Bipolar Disorder can change somebody’s tasks during the day from certain event that can happen. People with Bipolar Disorder can feel like they have enoughShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder706 Words   |  3 PagesBipolar disorder is a serious mental illness that is characterized by changes in mood. It can lead to risky behavior, damage relationships and careers, and even suicidal outcomes if it’s not treated. Bipolar disorder is more common in older teenagers and young adults, it can affect children as young as 6. Women experience more periods of depression than men. More remains to be learned about this condition that affects millions of people. Aretaeus of Cappadocia began the process of detailingRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1454 Words   |  6 PagesOne of the greatly investigated neurological disorders is Bipolar Disorder. Regrettably, due to social stigma, funding issues, and a lack of education, many who are dealing with this disorder do not receive adequate treatment. Bipolar disorder, is also known as manic-depressive illness, it is a brain disorder that causes unusual shifts in mood, energy, and the ability to carry out normal daily tasks. Symptoms of the disorder are severe and diverse from the normal ups and downs that everyone goesRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1486 Words   |  6 Pagespeople may think that having bipolar disorder means that anyone with the disorder are just simply put, â€Å"crazy†, I was one of those people but the meanings of those two things couldn’t possibly be any more different. Bipolar disorder is defined as â€Å"A disorder ass ociated with episodes of mood swings ranging from depressive lows to manic highs.†(google.com) â€Å"Bipolar disorder is a chronic illness with recurring episodes of mania and depression†(nami.org). â€Å"The term â€Å"bipolar† — which means â€Å"two poles† signifyingRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1020 Words   |  5 PagesBipolar disorder, formally known as ‘manic depression’, is known for its extreme mood swings; these can last anything from weeks to months and are far more extreme than moods most people would experience. Mood swings include episodes of highs and lows; these are known as mania and depressive episodes. Bipolar is a disorder that affects men and woman equally and affects around 1 in 100 adults. Symptoms usually start during or after adolescents and rarely start after the age of 40 (Royal CollegeRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1648 Words   |  7 PagesBisecting Bipolar Disorde r Introduction and Background Overview 3.9% of adults in the United States are suffering from bipolar disorder as of 2014 according to the National Institute of Mental Health (Jann, 2014). Although rare, it is still a prevalent disease in the realm of mental health and requires special attention from healthcare providers. Bipolar disorder is a lifelong condition described by repeated manic or depressive episodes. Furthermore, due to the extreme mood swings and emotionalRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder Essay1278 Words   |  6 Pages1 HelenKeller541 Physiology October 26, 2016 Abstract: Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder is a mood disorder; also referred to as manic depressive disorder according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-V, 2013). Bipolar disorder is a depressive disorder with manic episodes, it is placed between the chapters on schizophrenia spectrum and other psychotic disorders in recognition of their place as a bridge between the two diagnostics in terms of symptomology, family historyRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms Essay1384 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar disorder is simply defined as a manic depressive illness, which affects a persons mood and energy. However, the way it affects a person’s mood is dramatic and severe. These are severe moods are called episodes of mania and depression, which means a person who suffers from bipolar disorder might be extremely excited and happy one day, and extremely depressed the next day. In some cases, depressive or manic episodes last weeks, and in some cases these episodes last days. People who suffer fromRead MoreBipolar Disorder : Symptoms And Symptoms1390 Words   |  6 Pagesresearch of bipolar disorder will not only describe in detail the symptoms and affects of this mood disorder, but it will also include the advantages, disadvantages of the treatment and medications, and the major role that medications take. Bipolar disorder involves periods of elevated or irritable mood (mania), alternating with episodes of depression (Moore and Jefferson, 2004). The â€Å"mood swings† of mania and depression are very sudden and can happen at anytime any place. Bipolar disorder is categorizedRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1700 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Bipolar disorders, also known as manic depression, are mental disorders characterized by shifting moods between depression and mania (Bressert, 2016). Those with a bipolar disorder, have extreme emotional states called mood periods. In the United States, more than 10 million people have bipolar disorder (Kennedy, 2015). It is lifelong, but can be treated. Although it can easily be treated, once patients choose to stop taking their medication their symptoms worsen. Around 15 percentRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Bipolar Disorder1285 Words   |  6 PagesBipolar Disorder This paper will contain information on what bipolar disorder in early and late adolescence is, causes and symptoms, medical along with therapeutic interventions and how important it really is to get treatment. Bipolar disorder is a disease that affects approximately 2.6% Americans in the United States in a given year. There is limited data on the rate of bipolar in adolescents, although, it does tend to affect older teens more often and may be related to substance abuse. A lot

Sachin Tendulkar Free Essays

Sachin Ramesh Tendulkar  (English pronunciation:  /s t n t? n? du? lk? r/  (  listen); born 24 April 1973)[1]  is an  Indian cricketer  widely acknowledged as the greatestbatsman  in  One Day Internationals[2]  and second only to  Don Bradman  in the all time greatest list in  Test cricket. [3]  In 2002,  The Wisden  ranked him the second greatest Test batsman of all time, behind  Don Bradman, and the second greatest one-day-international (ODI) batsman of all time, behind  Viv Richards. [4]  Tendulkar was a part of the  2011 Cricket World Cup  winning  Indian team  in the later part of his career, his first such win in six World Cup appearances for India. We will write a custom essay sample on Sachin Tendulkar or any similar topic only for you Order Now 5]  He was also the recipient of â€Å"Player of the Tournament† award of the  2003 Cricket World Cup  held in South Africa. Tendulkar won the 2010  Sir Garfield Sobers Trophy  for cricketer of the year at the ICC awards. [6]  He has been recommended for the receipt of the  Bharat Ratna  award, in fact it has been speculated that the criteria for the award of the  Bharat Ratna  was changed to allow him receive the award. [7][8]  He is also a member of  Rajya Sabha  ofParliament of India. [9]  Tendulkar passed 30,000 runs in international cricket on 20 November 2009. On 5 December 2012, Tendulkar became first batsman in history to cross the 34,000 run aggregate in all formats of the game put together. [10][11][12]  At 36 years and 306 days, he became the first ever player to score a double-century in the history of ODIs. Two years later he became the first player to score 100 international centuries. As of December 2012, Tendulkar has played 657 matches in international cricket. [13] Tendulkar has been honoured with the  Padma Vibhushan  award, India’s second highest civilian award, and the  Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna  award, India’s highest sporting honour. He was also the first sportsperson and the first one without  aviationbackground to be awarded the honorary rank of  Group Captain  by the  Indian Air Force. Tendulkar has received honorary doctorates from  University of Mysore  andRajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences. [14][15]  Sachin holds the 19th rank in  ICC Player Rankings  for Test batsmen as of 17 March 2013. [16]  On 1 August 2012, Sachin Tendulkar was nominated for the ICC People’s Choice award for the third time. [17]  In 2012, he was nominated to  Rajya Sabha, the upper house of theParliament of India. Sachin Tendulkar was named as an Honorary  Member of the Order of Australia  in 2012. [18]  On 23 December 2012, Tendulkar announced his retirement from ODIs. [19][20][21][22]  Tendulkar has already stated that he will not be playing  T20 Internationals  [23] Contents  Ã‚  [hide]   * 1  Early years and personal life * 1. 1  Beliefs * 2  Early domestic career * 3  International career * 3. 1  Early career * 3. 2  Rise through the ranks * 3. 3  Captaincy * 3. 4  Injuries and apparent decline * 3. 5  Return to old form and consistency * 3.   2007/08 tour of Australia * 3. 7  Home series against South Africa * 3. 8  Sri Lanka Series * 3. 9  Return to form and breaking the record * 3. 10  ODI and Test Series against England * 3. 11  2009–2010 * 3. 12  2011 World Cup and after * 3. 12. 1  100th international century * 3. 12. 2  Return To Ranji Trophy and retirement from ODIs * 4  Indian Premier League and Champions League * 5   Style of play * 6  Controversies * 6. 1  Mike Denness incident * 6. 2  Ferrari import tax * 7  Fan following * 8  Business interests * 8.   Commercial endorsements * 9  Political career * 10  Career achievements * 10. 1  Individual honours and appreciations * 10. 1. 1  National honours * 10. 1. 2  Other honours * 11  Philanthropy * 12  Biographies * 13  See also * 14  Further reading * 15  Notes * 16  References * 17  External links| ————————————————- Early years and personal life Tendulkar was born on 24 April 1973 into a  Rajapur Saraswat Brahmin  family in Bombay (now  Mumbai). [24][25][26]  His father Ramesh Tendulkar was a reputed  Marathi  novelist and his mother Rajni worked in the insurance industry. 27]  Ramesh named Tendulkar after his favourite music director,  Sachin Dev Burman. Tendulkar has three elder sibli ngs: two half-brothers Nitin and Ajit, and a half-sister Savita. They were Ramesh’s children from his first marriage. [28]  He spent his formative years in the  Sahitya Sahawas Cooperative Housing Society,  Bandra (East), Bombay. As a young boy, Tendulkar was considered a bully, and often picked up fights with new children in his school. [29]  He also showed an interest in  tennis, idolising  John McEnroe. [30]  To help curb his mischievous and bullying tendencies, Ajit introduced him to cricket in 1984. He introduced the young Sachin to  Ramakant Achrekar, a famous cricket coach of Bombay and a club cricketer of repute, at  Shivaji Park,  Dadar, Bombay. Achrekar was impressed with Tendulkar’s talent and advised him to shift his schooling to Sharadashram Vidyamandir (English) High School,[1]  a school at Dadar which had a dominant cricket team and had produced many notable cricketers. [31]  Prior to this, Tendulkar had attended the Indian Education Society’s New English School in Bandra (East). [31]  He was also coached under the guidance of Achrekar at Shivaji Park in the mornings and evenings. 32]  Tendulkar would practice for hours on end in the nets. If he became exhausted, Achrekar would put a one-rupee  coin on the top of the  stumps, and the bowler who dismissed Tendulkar would get the coin. If Tendulkar passed the whole session without getting dismissed, the coach would give him the coin. Tendulkar now considers the 13 coins he won then as some of his most prized possessions. [33]  He moved in with his aunt and uncle, who lived near Shivaji Park, during this period, due to his hectic schedule. [31] Sachin Tendulkar and his wife Anjali Meanwhile at school, he developed a reputation as a child prodigy. He had become a common conversation point in Mumbai cricketing circles, where there were suggestions already that he would become one of the greats. Besides school cricket, he also played club cricket, initially representing John Bright Cricket Club in Bombay’s premier club cricket tournament, the Kanga League,[31]  and later went on to play for the  Cricket Club of India. [34]In 1987, at the age of 14, he attended the  MRF Pace Foundation  in Madras (now  Chennai) to train as a  fast bowler, but Australian fast bowler  Dennis Lillee, who took a world record 355 Test wickets, was unimpressed, suggesting that Tendulkar focus on his batting instead. 35]A couple of months later, former Indian batsman  Sunil Gavaskar  gave him a pair of his own ultra light pads. â€Å"It was the greatest source of encouragement for me,† Tendulkar said nearly 20 years later after surpassing Gavaskar’s world record of 34 Test centuries. [36]  His season in 1988 was extraordinary, with Tendulkar scoring a century in every innings he played. He was involved in an unbroken 664-runpartnership  in a Lord Harris Shield inter-school game against Anjuman-E-Islam High School in 1988 with his friend and team-mateVinod Kambli, who would also go on to represent India. The destructive pair reduced one bowler to tears and made the rest of the opposition unwilling to continue the game. Tendulkar scored 326 (not out) in this innings and scored over a thousand runs in the tournament. [37]  This was a record partnership in any form of cricket until 2006, when it was broken by two under-13 batsmen in a match held at  Hyderabad  in India. On 24 May 1995,[38]  at the age of 22, Tendulkar married Anjali, a  paediatrician  and daughter of  Gujarati  industrialist Anand Mehta and British social worker Annabel Mehta. Anjali is six years his senior. [39]  They have two children, Sara (born 12 October 1997) and Arjun (born 24 September 1999). Arjun, a left handed batsman, has recently been included in under-14 probables list of Mumbai Cricket Association for off-season training camp. In January 2013 he was selected in mumbai under-14 team for the west zone league  [40] Beliefs Tendulkar is known to be a religious person,[41]  and an ardent devotee of  Sathya Sai Baba  of Puttaparthi. [42][43][44]  He has visited Puttaparthi on several occasions to seek Baba’s blessings. 42][45]  In 1997, Tendulkar captained the Indian National side, playing against a World Eleven team, in the Unity Cup which was held at the hill view stadium in Puttaparthi, in Baba’s presence. [46][47]  After Sai Baba’s death, Tendulkar broke into tears when he saw the body of Baba in Puttaparthi, and cancelled his birthday celebrations. [48][49][50]  The cricketer is also known to celebrate G anesh Chaturthi at home and frequently visits temples during night when it is calm and quiet. [41][51]  The cricketer has also offered his prayers at several other  Hindu  temples across the country. 52][53] ————————————————- Early domestic career On 14 November 1987, Tendulkar was selected to represent  Bombay  in the  Ranji Trophy, India’s premier domestic  first-class crickettournament, for the 1987–88 season. However, he was not selected for the final eleven in any of the matches. [31]  A year later, on 11 December 1988, aged just 15 years and 232 days, Tendulkar made his debut for Bombay against  Gujarat  at home and scored 100 not out in that match, making him the youngest Indian to score a century on first-class debut. He was handpicked to play for the team by the then Mumbai captain  Dilip Vengsarkar  after watching him easily negotiating India’s best fast bowler at the time,  Kapil Dev, in theWankhede Stadium  nets,[1]  where the  Indian team  had come to play against the touring  New Zealand team. He followed this by scoring a century in his first Deodhar and Duleep Trophies, which are also Indian domestic tournaments. [54] Tendulkar finished the 1988–89 season as Bombay’s highest run-scorer. [note 1][55]  He also made an unbeaten century in the  Irani Trophy  match against  Delhi  at the start of the 1989–90 season, playing for the Rest of India. 56] In 1992, at the age of 19, Tendulkar became the first overseas-born player to represent  Yorkshire, which prior to Tendulkar joining the team, never selected players even from other English counties. [1][note 2]  Selected for Yorkshire as a replacement for the injuredAustralian  fast bowle r  Craig McDermott, Tendulkar played 16 first-class matches for the county and scored 1070 runs at an average of 46. 52. [57] His first double century was for Mumbai while playing against the visiting Australian team at the  Brabourne Stadium  in 1998. [1]  He is the only player to score a century in all three of his domestic first-class debuts. 58] ————————————————- International career Early career Raj Singh Dungarpur  is credited for the selection of Tendulkar for the Indian tour of  Pakistan  in late 1989,[59]  and that also after just one first class season. [60]  The Indian selection committee had shown interest in selecting Tendulkar for the tour of the  West Indies  held earlier that year, but eventually did not select him, as they did not want him to be exposed to the dominant fast bowlers of the West Indies so early in his career. Tendulkar mad How to cite Sachin Tendulkar, Papers

Bioethics Essay free essay sample

Gene therapy is an experimental technique that uses genes to treat or prevent disease. In the future, this technique may allow doctors to treat a disorder by inserting a gene into a patients cells instead of using drugs or surgery. The science and the history of this subs etc help doctors to use it in the future. Also, there are many pros and cons of using gene therapy. Opinions and the predicted future of this form of bio technology are very strong and very weak. The science of gene therapy starts with the scientists of 1 985, hoping to cure s mom diseases.A four-year Old girl became the first gene therapy patient on Septet err 14, 1990 at the NIH Clinical Center. She has adenosine dominate (DAD) deficiency, a genetic disease which leaves her defenseless against infections. The type of technique uses used for gene e therapy are divided into two categories, somatic cell therapy, and gremlin therapy. We will write a custom essay sample on Bioethics Essay or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Soma tic cell therapy(most of the cells of the body) is viewed as a more conservative, safer approach because it affects only the targeted cells in the patient, and is not passed on to future g enervation.Gremlin therapy is a gene is inserted into the DNA of the gremlin cells (egg or sperm) so that he offspring of the patient will have the inserted gene. The DNA is being inject Ted with a cure, kind of, to get rid of that specific disease. Swiss physician Frederica Miseries found a weak acid in the nuclei of white bal DOD cells, but he actually was the first person to encounter DNA. A forayer old girl became the first gene therapy patient on September 14, 1990 at the NIH Clinical Center. She has ad noise dominate (DAD) deficiency, a genetic disease which leaves her defenseless against infect ions.Before that, in January 1944, it was discovered that a gene can be transferred from one cell I to another. Then n January Of 1 954, it was discovered that viruses can be used to help transfer one gene from one cell to another. In 1970, it was attempted for the first time to do gene therapy y on a hope and the therapy ended up being successful. There are many pros of using this technique. It is possible that gene therapy c an cure diseases, such as cystic fibrosis, many type of cancer, or Parkinson disease. I t has several advantages over drug therapy, like providing a cure rather than just tranquility e the symptoms.Gene therapy is the only help for curing diseases, unless there is some found cure for that certain disease. Gene therapy will revolutionize the practice of medicine. The role of doctors and patients will be changing in the coming years, and it will all be due to gene the rape. This technique has the ability to cure many of the diseases that have affected our society for years. There are also many cons to this use of gene therapy. The lack Of understands nag of the treatment and how it works could be very bad.By not knowing what gene the rape can do(effect it might have on the patient), it could harm someone, (likely or not likely). That would lead to a bad reputation and no one would ever let a doctor use gene therapy on them. If doctors want the gene therapy to have long term effects, then more research needs to be done . There is no guarantee that the vector carrying the good gene, will end up in the right place e. That might cause more damage to the genetic make up and cause the disease to grow, spread, or worse. Drug therapy, although only palliating the manifestation, has been tried and deem d safer than gene therapy. Perhaps the most important idea to take away from gene therapy is that prep active genetic testing represents just a tiny bit of knowledge about an extremely complex us object: our genetic makeup. Scientists had hoped that the complete human genome would quickly lead us into an age of individualized medicine: Doctors could perform tests to assess genetic risks for common (and monotonous) diseases; determine whether a patient was vulnerable t o certain environmental factors, including cigarette smoke and air pollution; and deter mine what drugs would work best for a patient with the fewest harmful side effects.Although we havent yet reached the age of individualized medicine, a growing number of predictive g emetic tests can save lives and Influence lifestyle decisions; however, the value of these tests v rises because most have uncertain predictive value. Really don t have an opinion on gene therapy, i agree with it, but then i disagree e. I agree with it because it can prevent child ren from dying prematurely from a disease .

Retail Management in UK

Introduction The fashion and apparel industry in the United Kingdom has experienced steady growth as more customers embrace renown brands such as Ralph Lauren, Nike, and H$M. The fashion industry and Apparel of the UK has an estimated market value of  £50 billion.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Retail Management in UK specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Specifically, this industry is estimated to be growing at an annual rate of 7% as fashion becomes popular in the UK. At present, the fashion industry command 6% of the total market value of the consumer purchases in UK. The market share is expected to expand further to 15% by 2015. The fashion industry in the UK at present is controlled by Ralph Lauren, Nike, and H$M who have managed to establish a household name for their fashion brands. Moreover, promotional services adopted by these companies have spurred the growth of fashion production in the United Kingdom market. In addition, adoption of efficient and reliable technology in the marketing of these products has positively skewed the market to the advantage of these three retail giants. Thus, this reflective treatise attempts to explicitly review the aspects of store layout and design, retail pricing, and merchandise assortments in these retail stores. The treatise adopts a comparative analysis module. About these Companies Nike Inc Nike Inc is one of the top sports footwear and accessories designers in the world. At present, the company controls a market share of 30% of the UK athletic market. This company stocks sports balls, bags, and eyewear, footwear, and sports shoes for adults and children. The London store is located at Westfield London Shopping Centre along Oxford Street (â€Å"NIKE Free: Products and Market†, par. 5). HM Inc This company has been in existence for more than two decades. The company stocks a range of fashion ware for adults and children of both genders. T he company has an amazing range of fashion collection that is relatively affordable to the majority of Londoners. The head store in London is located at Regent Street in Dinkins and Jones building (â€Å"HM: Marketing Strategies†, par. 3). Ralph Lauren Inc The Ralph Lauren UK store specializes in fashion accessories and apparels such as fashion clothing and footwear brands for males and females of all ages. The company boost of uniqueness and brand loyalty to the middle class customers in London. The London office is located at Cork Street (â€Å"Ralph Lauren: London Marketing Activities†, par. 2).Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Store Layout and Design Ralph Lauren The topological structure of Ralph Lauren Company consists of communication and operations management system which help in managing marketing, online sales, and direct sales. Based on the credo em phasize, it stresses on ethical behavior among sales staff and customer satisfaction within accepted standards of moral obligation on the forefront as indicated in the mission statement hanging on the front office wall. The Ralph Lauren store occupies more than 6000 square feet of space and has the traditional UK design architecture. The store has a unique arrangement in terms of utilization of space. The store is divided into four areas, that is, the exclusive range focal point, entertainment and refreshment area, office area, and the focal store points. Upon entering the expansive store, the customer will notice the attractive display of polo shirts, watches, shoes, and other sports ware hanged on the traditional UK brackets. The brackets are made in bright colors and the wall beaming with displays of fashion celebrities such as David Beckham and Naomi Campbell. The next room is the exclusive range focal point which stocks customized and expensive designer wears. Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Retail Management in UK specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The marketing and distribution channels are run from a central point, that is, the main store area. It is apparent that company structure, operations management, and efficiency of the advertisement department determine sustainability of its business. Besides, the ability to customize products, attractive display, and offer competitive but high quality services has made this store successful and profitable in the UK. Skills required in supporting business strategy plan are found in the integrated management model which functions as an implementer and driver of business decisions. The Company’s retail management systems incorporate planning, development, implementation, and discovery. Reflectively, the process captures organization chart, status reports, process map, compliance requirements, review structure, activities, dates, and r esources employed within a specified period of time against response from customers. The pictures below were taken from within the store. The transfer of brand knowledge is enhanced by other factors that include awareness and image. It is an area that continues to fascinate considering the interconnection between the recognition, recall, uniqueness, and positive attributes. Growth in brands is mainly subjective in nature meaning that the internal environment has the greatest influence. Nike Inc Nike store is larger than Ralph Lauren store and occupies a space of more than six thousand square feet. The store is very spacious and has an artistic display of its assortments arranged by sizes and categories. The main mall’s walls have animated Nike products advertisement and pictures of the world athletic champion Hussein Bolt and the basket ball player Kobe Bryan among other renowned sports personalities.Advertising Looking for report on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Just like in Ralph Lauren product display, Nike’s products displays easily attract a potential customer upon entry into the store. In fact, the first thing a customer will notice is the unending line of different product assortments from brightly painted stalls with the Nike brand logo running below the products. This aspect facilitates easy identification of customer responses to external stimuli, branding of private store labels, and evaluation of the marketing strategies that is used to promote store’s brands. The store’s brands have benefit greatly from the improvement of overall production quality and marketing support as much as it is done from evolving purchasing habits based on the rapid changes in geo-demographic and psychographic behaviors of the customers influenced by what they see. The resultant dependent variables of the Nike’s layout include increasing customer numbers, improved quality of goods, improved customer satisfaction, increased m arket share, and extended brand loyalty to the store. Essentially, the bridging of quality concerns between store and name brands has reduced the reputation gap leading to increased propensity of store brands. Nike’s strategy in marketing its products relied on the assertion that â€Å"products don’t just perform, they actually exhibit behavior† (Kotler 22). This exhibits the nature of niche marketing by focusing on utmost premium brand quality that customers demand or may not know that they require at that time. The company emphasized on creating sportswear trends. This is opposite of the conventional approach of forming focus groups who are interviewed on what attributes potential customers preferred. Nokia took the approach of innovating new features positioned to be of great use in the feature without necessarily involving the potential customer in the development process. Specifically, the brand logo has remained instrumental in the marketing strategy. Unde r certain conditions there was chance that they might consider switching to other brands. This is an avenue that is available for store brands which are targeting the market shares of name brands implying that the increasing pressure on  name brands is benefiting them. The possibility that consumers could consider switching brands is important in increasing brand awareness. Through intensive marketing, the logo Nike is recognizable by nearly all potential customers in the UK. Since the logo has been animated and runs 24/7 at the store’s entrance, the self advertisement is critical in attracting undecided customers who are just passing by the store. HM Inc HM Inc store occupies three floors with each floor selling different categories of fashion products. Basically, this company has utilized the role of the digital media in increasing the targeting objectives to promote brand growth and brand logo in its attractive and convincing display price tags. By combining the chosen generic strategy along with product and market positioning strategy, HM brand has been able to develop its niche identity in the UK as that store stocking affordable designer clothing along the Regent Street. Linking the two sides of the market is important, that is, the low income and high income customer ends. In essence, a brand involves; name, packaging, advertising, consistency, and reliability. It involves the symbol(s) of identification of a product or service that seeks to establish a degree of differentiation between it and other similar products and/or services. Branding offers â€Å"differential advantage (desirable attributes) over rivals’ products† (Kotler 34). It is vital part of establishing healthy brand equity. The choice of branding is driven by the need to create that perception of differentiation. It takes some initial costs to develop the branding concepts but the advantages of branding products are; easier to sell, ability to legally protect the product, it offers some barriers to competition, and generally promotes customer loyalty (Kotler 33). As a matter of fact, HM has internalized this in their display of product. The logo HM and their display are unique and cannot go unnoticed by any potential customer. Besides, the store is very spacious and offers customized services from its many sales staff. Retailers preferred to generally use the associative name HM to refer to its assortment of fashion designs that continues to make statement in the stratified UK market. The unique features are trademarked and allow HM’s strong brand equities to establish reasonable barriers to competition. This was mainly because of these products being considered as off-brand unlike the HM’s on-brand logo. HM Inc has exploited the power of positioning in relation to perception among the UK clients in its layout. Perception of brand equity is a major driving in promoting the acceptance of store brands. The positioning strategy t hat is implemented by the retailer dictates the perception of the consumers about the brand and its related value to them. The HM logo advertisement is very effective in terms of attention since it is decorated with simple to understand scenes besides the warm red color. The strategically placed background red color is an eye catcher associated with pomp and sophistication. In addition, the targeted passing customer would immediately develop curiosity to understand the symbolic importance of the bright displays in the store. As a result, it creates an intrinsic motivation response that triggers the mind to activate affiliation, self acceptance, and feign community feeling of belonging to the HM brand. In the end, this advertisement succeeds in appealing to emotions through capitalization on biases and prejudices of UK population in the streets of London. Generally, through envision creation of a simultaneous but independently functioning need to identify with attractiveness at Ralph Lauren, Nike, and HM, a customer is easily swayed into buying the advertiser’s appeal when purchasing (Levy and Weitz 79). Often, the attractiveness is displayed in tonal variation and language affirmativeness that directly appeal to positives emotions among target audience of the pitched idea. In the end, target audience will â€Å"accept the product without thinking very much about what the glittering generalities mean-or whether they even apply to the product†(Kotler 56). Retail Pricing Pricing differences between private labels and national labels is decreasing with taste, durability, and quantity being the more important factors for the consumers. Marketing around premium products positioning has long-term sustainability. This is supported by sustained advertising promotions, product availability, and sustainable sourcing. Reflectively, â€Å"a best value strategy represents somewhat of a trade-off between the risks of a cost-leadership strategy and the risks of a differentiation strategy† (Kotler 71). The strategies may be broad or narrow based on the three strategies of differentiation, cost-leadership, and best value. In spite of well-developed strategies, competitive dynamics are fluid (Levy and Weitz 29). Pricing objective The pricing objective adopted by the Ralph Lauren, HM, and NIKE is quantity maximization since the companies’ main mission is to become leaders in terms of market share amongst companies in the fashion and apparel industry of the UK. Consequently, the pricing objective of these companies seeks to maximize the number of the new fashion products to be sold in the dynamic UK market. Pricing strategies According to Kotler (2003), several pricing strategies exist for companies to choose from, however, some of these pricing strategies only work well with certain pricing objectives. The three companies have adopted multiple pricing, good, better, best pricing, loss leader pricing, penetration pricing and produ ct bundle pricing for their different categories of fashion products (Kotler 19). Multiple pricing: aims at luring customers to make large purchases by offering slight discounts to customers who buy goods in large quantities. At HM and Ralph Lauren stores, the prices of single items are slightly higher to those that purchased in bulk. For example, at Ralph Lauren store, buying one new polo shirt cost the customer approximately $ 25; the customer will be required to pay $ 40 for two shirts. As a result, the customers will feel that they are getting discount for buying two items since $ 40 for two shirts is $ 2.5 less than $25 for a shirt. The strategy has been able to generate more profit for the company by increasing the quantity of items sold, as well as through increasing prices for customers who purchase one item. Practically, the strategy penalizes the customer for purchasing one item since the price is typically set higher than it will cost. Good, better, best pricing: this is a pricing strategy in which the price of the same item increases with slight changes that are made to the product, for example, changes in design. The price can be offered in a series of three formats with the price of each series rising above the price of the previous series. The goods that are priced at ‘better† price and those that are priced at â€Å"best† price require more attention from the producer than those with â€Å"good† price; however, the higher prices charged for them are worth the extra effort (Levy and Weitz 36). For example, the 2009 NIKE air sports shoe edition is categorized as being â€Å"good† price, while that of 2011 is categorized as â€Å"better† price and the 2013 edition of the same product is priced at â€Å"best† price in the NIKE store. Loss leader pricing: in this strategy, the customers are enticed into visiting the shop that deals with different product or parts by reducing the price of one item. This is done with the hope that when customers visit the shop to make purchase of the cheaper item they may also buy other items. For example, in applying this strategy to the pricing of the female clothes, HM Company uses other accessories such as shoes as the loss outfit product, thus customers who come to buy clothes may end up buying other accessories such as matching shoes to complete the outfit. Product bundle pricing: this pricing strategy is applied when the producer wants to get rid of overstock or sell complementary products. The products are bundled together and the customer who buys the new item can get an older or complimentary good for less. In respect to the strategy of clearing 2012 stock models, the three companies have decided to sell the older versions or accessories in bundles at lower prices. Merchandise Assortments In merchandise assortment, planning is critical, especially in a dynamic market controlled solely by customer preference and perception. In sales forecas ting, HM and Ralph Lauren companies have assorted their merchandise according to the lifecycle of each category. For instance, the seasonal winter items such as heavy clothing for the companies are categorised as slow movables. Besides, the latest fashion design products are categorised in the exclusive purchase segment in the stores. Basically, the assortment adopted by these companies was informed by past volumes of sales and customer responses to periodic surveys by the companies (Levy and Weitz 41). Through shotgun merchandising, the two companies have assorted their products to capture all the segments of the fashion and apparel industry of the UK. On the other hand NIKE store has been assorted as a general store with the speciality department occupying a negligible space in the store. The company has amalgamated its inventory turnover to categorise the products. Through rifle merchandising, the NIKE Company has captured the athletic market segment of the fashion industry throu gh it multiplex strategy of product market penetration. Conclusion The success of retail management depends on execution pricing, assortment, and design layout as components of marketing. Successful execution solely functions on inclusiveness, creation of quantifiable tracking devises for results, and recreating an informed support team. Generally, these aspects should be practiced flexibly since event marketing environment is characterized by constant dynamics that may make previous designs irrelevant. NIKE, Ralph Lauren, and HM companies are successful in marking their products in the UK. Works Cited HM: Marketing Strategies 2013. Web. https://www2.hm.com/en_gb/index.html Kotler, Paul. Marketing management: Analysis, planning, implementation and control. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, 2003. Print. Levy, Michael, and Weitz, Barton. Retailing Management, London: McGraw-Hill Education, 2011. Print. NIKE Free: Products and Market 2012. Web. Ralph Lauren: London Marketing Activities 2012. Web. http://www.londontown.com/LondonInformation/Shops/Ralph_Lauren/5990/ This report on Retail Management in UK was written and submitted by user Jared Woodward to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

On Buying Local Essays - Industrial Agriculture, Organic Farming

On Buying Local Essays - Industrial Agriculture, Organic Farming On Buying Local, Katherine Spriggs mentions the positive aspects of consuming locally produced food items from local farms which deals with fresh products. According to the author promoting local buying helps in the development of small farms, maintaining environmental stability, strengthens local market, promotes rural economies and helps in minimising environmental problems, which is caused due to transportation, over usage of chemicals, and increasing the fertility of land by cultivating various types of crops at the same time (polyculture). On other hand industrial scale production leads to increase in environmental problems which is caused by the movement of goods, using of pesticides, and unhealthy farming practices like cultivating single product across the whole land frequently (monoculture). This leads to barren land, pollution of ground water and even in the destruction of natural eco system. Though the author states about various counter arguments such as, loss of jobs, gl obal recession, and instability of national economy which she received from others, who support large scale industrial production, Spriggs encounters all the arguments by stating that, all the benefits of local buying outweigh the advantages of industrial production. Though, buying of local product needs personal sacrifice, it has various social, economic and environmental advantages far more than sacrificed.

Leadership and jopsatisfaction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Leadership and jopsatisfaction - Essay Example Leadership is â€Å"an influence relationship among leaders and followers who intend real changes and outcomes that reflect their shared purposes† (Draft, 2005 quoted by Ying & Ahmad, 2009, 54). There have been a significant number of literatures covering the nature, theories and applications of leadership and its effect to job performance and satisfaction. The diverse patterns of behavior and actions that leaders exhibit over a period of time and perceived by followers have been identified as the dominant style of leadership. This style is developed utilizing an interplay of factors which shape leadership development. Leadership seeks to bring people and groups from where they are to where they have not been. It enables people to go beyond the confines of mediocrity and tread into the realm of excellence. In the process, it induces people to define their desires and to pursue them with passion. Ultimately, leadership transforms potential into reality. In any organization, the influence of leadership in its operations of has evolved from a simple theoretical framework to the complex structure we have today. The development of leadership theories opened a whole spectrum of information which enhanced the interaction and interrelationships among personnel, especially its effect on job satisfaction. Leaders are concerned with the creation of an environment for performance. They integrate tasks, structure, technology, resources, and people into a productive configuration. They achieve goals through the efforts of other people. They have to influence the behavior of other people in order to get things done. The essay aims to present two sides to the argument that stipulates the critical role of leadership in creating job satisfaction in an organization. One side of the argument supports that an effective leader would create an environment where the subordinates would be satisfied in the accomplishment of their tasks.

Red Star The First Bolshevic Utopia is a dystopia rather than a utopia Essay

Red Star The First Bolshevic Utopia is a dystopia rather than a utopia because martian people exploited all their planets's resouces and planned to erradicate and colonize on another planet - Essay Example In addition, the novel is radical in nature in that, it shows how readers of utopia may consider a success; yet do not understand what the author meant (Aldridge 23-24). The red star written in 1905, at that time, socialism had already existed for several years in Mars in that, the inhabitants of Mars had sent expeditions to earth with the hopes of creating contacts between the two civilizations. It is interesting to note that the Martians feared cementing their relationship with people from the earth, so they decided to find earthling with good advanced and flexible constitution to hijack and take them back to Mars in order to acquaint him with the Martian civilization and culture, and at the end, return him to earth as their emissary. Their emissary, Leonid is convinced of the significance of the mission for which the Martians have picked him and on his expedition, he learns the Martians culture and history. While touring the schools, factories, museums and research institutions of Mars, Leonid is convinced that the Martian people were superior to those people on earth. He is convinced of the superiority of socialism over the capitalism that still reigns on Earth (Bognadov 16-18). The tour of Mars is used to express the maturity of socialist society including advanced science, planned economy and collectivism. Further, Leonid realizes that in Mars, there is no distinction between sexes. During his stay in Mars, Leonid realized that the Martian people do not harbor good intentions towards his native planet in contrary to what he thought. The Martian people planned an invasion of the Earth and extermination of its people in order to exploit their natural resources. The red star is used to represent the Russian workers with visible model for their revolutionary strivings. On the other hand, in Mars, at first glance, it does not appear to be a socialist utopia in that, most of the objectives of the Europeans has been accomplished

Literary Devices Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Literary Devices - Essay Example Sir Arthur Conan uses the literary devise of mood to create suspense in the reader, while going through â€Å"the hound of the Baskervilles.† The author develops a ghostly, unnatural, and a supernatural mood right from the onset of the literature. For example, Dr. Mortimer is portrayed as acting in unnatural ways – for example, in his attempt to unveil the mysterious curse. This expresses a mood of ghostly nature to enhance suspense, as it is not human to be luminous (Doyle 11). Doyle (24) says, â€Å"There stood a foul thing, a great black beast, shaped like a hound† The foul thing is included to draw a fearful mood, to enhance the suspense. â€Å"To take on the father of evil himself would be too ambitious†¦you must admit the footprint was material (Doyle 37).† This line seeks to develop a mood of fear, which enhances the suspense to read on. Through the three quotes, a supernatural mood is clearly depicted. For example, he writes of a black beast à ¢â‚¬â€œ shaped like a hound, yet larger than any hound ever seen. Through developing the mood of the story, Holmes is depicted as learning new supernatural experiences, which are used to heighten the suspense developed in the reader. Through the suspense developed in the reader, their interest to keep reading is grasped. This shows how mood is used to breathe more life into the story. Pablo Neruda, in her poem â€Å"Alturas de Macchu Picchu,† presents different counts of imagery, which enhances the creativity of his work. The quote, â€Å"like a sword sheathed in meteors,† shows the imagery of earthly and heavenly objects. Also, this quote, â€Å"I plunged my turbulent and tender hand,† tries to create a picture of the author’s hand. The examples presented show that Neruda uses imagery to instill more creativity into his poems, which captivates his readers into his poetry (Hogan). The literary device of tone, as portrayed in Sarojini Naidus â€Å"the Call to Evening

Domestic Violence Crime And Victims Act 2004 Social Work Essay

Domestic Violence Crime And Victims Act 2004 Social Work Essay The Domestic Violence, Crime and Victims Act 2004 closes a legal loophole, (whereby defendants in murder and manslaughter cases could escape conviction by claiming each other had killed the child), by creating a new offence of causing or allowing the death of a child or vulnerable adult. The offence establishes a new criminal responsibility for members of a household where they know that a child or vulnerable adult is at significant risk of serious harm.(NSPCC, 2010) This Act is about the focus on criminal justice upon legal protection and assistance to victims of crime, particularly domestic violence. It expands to the provision for trials without a jury, brings in new rules for trials for causing the death of a child or vulnerable adult, permits bailiffs to use force to enter homes.(Wikipedia, 2011) What are childrens need? The definition of childrens needs is not easy. Katz suggested that one of the most salient aspects of the field of early childhood education is the sharp divergence of views among workers and clients concerning what young children need as well as how and when these needs should be satisfied (Katz 1977:69). Maslow (1954) identified three types of need: primary needs (air, food, sleep); emotional needs (love, security); and social needs (acceptance by ones peers). What Law says about childrens right? Childrens rights focuses on the domestic laws and policies that affect child health and social welfare, education and special needs, child labour and exploitation, sale and trafficking of children, and juvenile justice. The childrens rights movement promotes legal protections and safeguards for children, distinct from those of adult. How to safeguard a child? The solution in order to protect children from being abuse is going on the extra mile to care about the childrens life after school hours in order to keep a relationship between the family. It is essential that to understand the families background because we might not able to understand them better through the children. We need people to be more caring. What is abuse? Abuse is an attempt to control the behaviour of another person. It is a misuse of power which uses the bond of intimacy, trust and dependency to make victim vulnerable.(novavita,nd) There are types of abuses:- physical sexual neglect psychological / emotional Physical abuse is often the most easily recognized form of abuse. Hitting, shaking, burning, pinching, biting, choking, throwing, beating and other actions are categorized as physical abuse, it may also cause physical injury, leave marks or cause pains. Sexual abuse is a sexual act or contact between an adult and anyone younger than 18 years old; between a significantly older child and a younger child; or if one person overpowers another, regardless of age. Psychological or emotional can be the most difficult to identify because there are usually no outward signs of the abuse. This abuse happens when yelling and anger go too far or when parents constantly criticise, threaten, or dismiss kids or teens until their self-esteem and feelings of self-worthy is damaged. Emotional abuse can hurt and cause damage just as physical abuse do. Neglect is difficult to identify and define. Neglect occurs when a child doesnt have the primary needs like food, shelter, clothes, medical care or supervision. Emotional neglects happen when a parent doesnt provide enough emotional support or deliberately and consistently pays very little or no attention to the child. This doesnt mean that a parent doesnt give a kid something he or she wants, like a new computer or a cell phone, but more to basic needs like food , shelter and love. What improvements has been done between the Childrens Act 1989 and Childrens Act 2004? After the astonishing incident of Victoria Climbie, the Act was created with a certain goals. It built in such a way that to give boundaries and help for local authorities and/or other entitles to better regulate official intervention in the interests of children. The Act also made changes to the law that pertain to children, notably on foster homes,adoption agencies, babysitting services and the handling of child-related crimes and crimes against children. Reasons of child abuse There are many factors that are potentially to start child abuse. Most commonly are the past events of child abusers that they experienced while they were young and as they grow up, they think that its fine to hit or beat a child, in other words which is teaching them a lesson. Another factor is that parents or child abuser cannot withstand childrens nuisance especially when parents are undergoing stress or other aspects that they are not in rationale state to cause abuse to happen. The causes of child abuse are too much to be narrowed down to a single cause. Most of the time, there are multiple factors are in play. For example, a father is an alcoholic and some part of the family system is caught up in a cycle of abuse that spans generation of the family. Now we can say that the alcoholic may be a contributing factor to the dysfunction, but there is also the generational factor to consider. Therefore, analysing the cause of child abuse , its easier to break it into sub categories which put children at risk for being abuse and neglect. These includes the social-economic causes of child abuse, family environment, parental profile and child-related characteristics. The term causes of child abuse is in reality about the conditions which may make child abuse more likely. There are 4 major causes of child abuse: Social economics Family income level Differing cultural value Institutionalized manifestations of abuse Family Environment Domestic Violence Single Parents Child-rearing practices Parental Profile Age of the Parents Low self-confidence Past history of abuse Drug and alcohol problems Mental health problems Low prevalence of social ties Refusal to believe their way of parenting is wrong The parent is mentally handicapped in a way that doesnt enable him or her to provide proper care for their children Having unrealistic expectations for their children and little knowledge of the developmental stages children go through. Child-related Characteristics Age of the child The child has physical or mental handicaps Childs gender The was unwanted and/or reminds the parent of an absent partner or spouse Childs personality is not a good fit with the parents personalities Reduced positive interaction between a parent and child due to separation from a parent during critical development periods. Impact of each different types of abuse Physical child abuse effects vary from child to child depending on six factors: severity of the physical abuse How hard a child is struck is only one aspect of severity. The implement the child is struck with is also a factor. This does not mean that using an open hand or fist will result in fewer or lesser effects; the harm done to the child is measured both by physical injury and emotional injury frequency of the physical abuse A single incident of physical abuse can result in severe trauma, but generally, the more often the physical abuse occurs the greater the impact on the child. age of the child when physical abuse began The younger the child was at the on set of physical abuse, the greater the imprint, and thus, the greater the impact. This particularly evident when the abuse continues throughout the childs life. childs relationship to the abuser When a child has a very close relationship with his/her abuser, the feeling of betrayal are that much greater; the very person who is supposed to protect is instead hurting that child. availability of support persons When a child has no one to turn to, increased feelings to abandonment occur, which in turns adds to the physical child abuse effects. childs ability to cope A child will find a way to cope with the abuse. The methods a child uses can add to the effects. Coping skills can be: Physical emotional inward outward Emotional abuse effects are directly connected to the relationship between the victim and abuser. The closer the relationship, the more devastating the effects on the child or youth. As the intensity, frequency and duration of abuse increases, so does the effect on the psyche of that child or youth. The negative messages of emotional child abuse causes inner damage that either destroys or impairs the development of a positive sense of self. Emotional child abuse is by definition constant negative messages, but even a single message of rejection can have long-lasting negative effects on the child or youth. Physical Effects Speech problems lags in physical development failure to thrive facial tic eating disorders self harm drug abuse attempt suicide Behavioural Effects low self-worth irritability overly reactive sleep disorders inability to trust others depression inappropriate behaviour for age withdrawal profound sadness stealing lying prostitution engaging in risky behaviours Emotional Effects inability to control emotions questioning of religious beliefs The effects of child neglect are not limited to the children in the neglectful families. Research is now showing that effects last well into adulthood. And not just emotionally, but physically as well. Sexual abuse effects on children and youth can be evident in emotional, physical and behavioural ways. These effects can be just as devastating whether there was only one occurrence or there were repeated occurrences. Sexual abuse cannot be compared, because each abuse experience is unique. Children are vulnerable to sexual abuse because of their age, size and innocence. When a child or youth is molested, she/he learns that adults cannot be trusted for care and protection: well-being is disregarded, and there is a lack of support and protection. These lead to grief, depression, extreme dependency, inability to judge trustworthiness in others, mistrust, anger and hostility. And as if all that isnt enough, children bodies often respond to the sexual abuse, bringing on shame and guilt. Conclusion Lastly, if a child is been abused mentally and physically, the possibility of the child to be affected is very high. This will not only affect the child himself but his future will be affected due to previous abuse that he has gone through. It is everyones responsibility to make sure all child is protected and given the right environment for their development in young age.

Kirk Hammett Role Model :: essays research papers

Kirk Lee Hammett is the lead guitarist for the thrash metal band Metallica. He is particularly admirable to me for his eloquent lyrics and quotes, stunning guitar solos and the accomplishments he has achieved in life. He is and always has been a most influential person in my life since I discovered Metallica in 1996. The lyrics Kirk places in his songs are, to me, the most expressive and meaningful of any songs. It is a persons ability to correlate and understand lyrics that makes it so they can truly appreciate the meaning. Kirk’s quotes are sharp but hold merit. One of my favorite quotes by Kirk is, â€Å"In the time between albums, we wondered, 'How does Metallica fit into all this?' and then we realized we didn't fit into it at all, never have, never will." It is his habit of originality that strikes me as someone to look up to. He says, "We never let mainstream music filter into our psyches too much. We try not to let ourselves be influenced too much by what goes on around us musically." His guitar solos are masterpieces within themselves. His mixture of classical guitar and heavy metal is unsurpassed in the heavy metal guitar world. He will always be considered to me, the greatest guitarist of rock music. He picked up a guitar for the first time at the age of fifteen. He was fascinated by the art of guitar and worked hard towards becoming a guitar legend. He took lessons from Joe Satriani, another guitar prodigy, where he learned a method of playing guitar that has yet to be found defective. In this aspect he has encouraged me to follow my dreams. Kirk inspires me, in the biggest way, because of his success over obstacles that stood in his way. Alcoholism was his main obstruction in life. His problem brought him to depression numerous times until he decided that enough was enough. He took care of his problem by going to special programs to help him with his alcoholic lifestyle. At one time during this â€Å"intoxication period† the band actually split up until Kirk changed his life.